"Learners are encouraged to discover facts and relationships for themselves." http://www.psy.pdx.edu/PsiCafe/KeyTheorists/Bruner.htm

Iconic representation- use of mental images that stand for certain objects or events. Iconic representation allows one to recognize objects when they are changed in minor ways (e.g. mountains with and without snow at the top).

Symbolic representation-uses symbol system to encode knowledge. http://mercury.sfsu.edu/~ching/personal/Learning/theorists/bruner.html